Tire's tread life and traction are often discussed for obvious reason; not as often talked about, but just as important, is how a tire's stiffness must be considered part of the suspension system. *Assuming* that the 16 and 17 tires are constructed similarly and used for similar purpose (i.e. 4 season tire, or summer tire, or whatever) I would think that the 16 inch tire, with its higher profile, meaning more rubber, will likely mean ride will improve, but handling will suffer.
As someone else has mentioned, the SX is designed with 215/45/17 tire, unless the ride bothers you that much (I think it's perfectly fine and fun!), I would leave it as is. The car must have gone under hours and hours and hours of testing at Kia; unless a change shows improvement convincingly, either subjective by trusted/experienced drivers, or objectively with faster track time, I don't believe in drastic changes to the suspension system.
If you want to experiement, then the first step IMHO is to try better tire; for example for sure I will give the Continental ExCon DW (not DWS) a try once these stock Good Year's wear out. However it is, the same equation applies: more likely if ride improves, then handling will suffer. This is the classic tradeoff and there is rarely an exception. If for some reason the Continental has better ride AND handling - a possibility since the stock tire is so cheap, I would consider us to be very lucky!